薄膜太阳电池的研究现状与发展趋势

笔者主要对目前薄膜电池研究和产业化的主流技术进行论述,包括硅基薄膜太阳电池、碲化镉与铜铟镓硒等化合物薄膜太阳电池、以及染料敏化电池等,对每种技术分别从国内外研究现状以及产业化状况进行介绍。     

仰望星空，探索宇宙奥秘——纪念戴文赛先生诞辰100周年

戴文赛教授(图1)是中国现代天体物理学、天文哲学和现代天文教育的主要开创者与奠基人之一,1911年12月19日生于福建龙溪(今漳州市),1979年4月30日卒于南京.他毕生致力于天文事业,1937年留学英国,1940年获得博士学位,1941年9月回国后,历任中央研究院天文研究所研究员,燕京大学教授.新中国成立后,先后任北京大学教授,南京大学教授、天文学系主任,国家科委天文学科组副组长,中国天文学会第一、第二、第三届理事会副理事长.戴先生毕生孜孜不倦地开展学术研究、天文教学和科普工作,为开拓和发展中国的天文事业作出了重要贡献.1978年12月加人中国共产党.1994年确认,国际小行星命名委员会命名编号3405的小行星为"戴文赛星".笔者有幸成为他的学生和晚年助手,深受教诲,在此谈谈个人所知的戴先生事迹和亲身经历的一些感受,以表达深切的缅怀.     

掺杂氧化锌薄膜的结构与刻蚀性能研究

本文利用中频反应磁控溅射方法,以Zn/Al (98 : 2) (wt. %)合金靶为靶材,制备了综合性能优良的铝掺杂氧化锌（ZnO:Al, AZO）透明导电薄膜. 研究了沉积工艺对薄膜结构、电学及光学性能的影响,分析了AZO薄膜的刻蚀性能以及所制备的绒面结构特性. 结果表明：基体温度对薄膜生长有较大的影响,当温度为150℃时,薄膜具有较好的晶化率,晶粒呈明显的柱状生长,晶界间结合紧密,薄膜的电阻率为4.6×10-4Ωcm. 镀膜时基体的移动速度会影响薄膜的晶体生长方式,但对其沉积速率影响不大. 具有择优生长特性、形成柱状晶组织的薄膜经稀盐酸腐蚀后,其表面呈规则的粗糙形貌;此结构有利于充分捕集太阳光,从而提高薄膜太阳电池的效率.     

非直膨式太阳能水源热泵地板辐射采暖实验系统研究

为解决太阳能供热系统间歇性和不稳定性的问题,对以水源热泵作为辅助热源,以热管式真空管太阳能集热系统为主要热源形式,以地板辐射采暖系统为末端装置的太阳能-水源复合热泵地板辐射供暖系统进行研究。分析该系统在不同工况运行原理的前提下,建立系统性能系数的数学模型。分析了集热器进出口温度、水箱平均温度、地板采暖系统进出口温度和热泵蒸发温度对系统供热性能的影响。提出此系统的运行策略和控制方案,为该系统的设计和运行控制提供了依据。     

制冷剂充注量对太阳能热泵热水器性能的影响

在建立太阳能集热/蒸发器和冷凝器的分布参数均相流动数学模型、压缩机和热力膨胀阀的集总参数数学模型和系统充注量模型的基础上,编制了直接膨胀式太阳能热泵热水器系统性能模拟程序.将模拟计算值和实验值进行了对比.基于此模型计算了不同充注量下系统的运行参数和性能参数,分析了充注量变化对加热时间、集热器出口过热度、蒸发压力、冷凝压力、压缩机功率、集热器集热效率及系统性能系数等的影响,指出了确定系统最佳充注量需考虑的主要因素.     

基于相对绿度指数定点监测水体藻类状况的方法

本文提出采用RGB相机定点观测水体相对绿度指数(gcc)用以指示藻类生长动态的新方法。于夏、秋、冬三个季节共41天在安徽全椒的两个小型水体(沟渠和池塘)上用RGB相机进行了监测,研究gcc的时空变化特征,分析其影响因素,探讨相机设置、校准和数据处理方法。主要结果为：(1)晴天条件下gcc波动幅度明显大于阴天和多云条件,太阳高度角大于40°时gcc更加稳定,选取正午时段的平均值能有效去除太阳高度角变化带来的干扰。(2)gcc变化序列符合实际藻类的演变动态,可以作为表征水体藻类物候的特征指数。(3)在夏季gcc的平均水平显著高于秋季和冬季。(4)两个水体gcc的范围位于陆地生态系统gcc的变化范围之内。本研究结果能为水体藻类动态监测及相关研究提供技术支撑和数据参考。     

Comparison of a new model with previous models for the low-latitude magnetopause size and shape

In this study, the advantages and the limitations of previous low-latitude magnetopause empirical models are discussed. In order to overcome their limitations and inherit their advantages, a new continuous function for the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz on the magnetopause, the Shue model function and the 613 low-latitude magnetopause crossings are used to construct a new low-latitude magnetopause model parameterized by the solar wind dynamic pressure (Dp) and IMF Bz. In comparison ...     

Cross wavelet analysis of the relationship between total solar irradiance and sunspot number

Using the observational data of total solar irradiance (TSI) from 1976 to 2006, the evolution of total solar irradiance and the rela-tionship between TSI and sunspot number (SSN) have been analyzed with the wavelet technique. The results of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) indicate that the TSI has multi-scale evolutionary characteristics. In the low frequency band, the TSI and SSN show similar variation with a significant and steady oscillation period from 8 to 11.4 a. While in the high frequency band, only around the maximum time of solar cycles, both the TSI and SSN present a significant intermittent oscillation period from 2 to 6 months. The results of the cross wavelet transform indicate that there is significant in-phase resonance oscillation between the TSI and SSN in 8–11.4 a band, where the variation of the SSN is 2 months ahead of that of TSI. Those results confirm the SSN as the primary cause for TSI’s periodic variation in the time scale of 8–11.4 a. However for the 2–6 month band, significant resonance periodicity is observed only within the maximum time of solar cycle, but the phase relationship between the TSI and SSN is unsteady. Finally, a reliable TSI monthly series from 1878 to 1975 is reconstructed and tested.     

Periodic oscillations in millennial global-mean temperature and their causes

Time series of solar radiation and north Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) index were used to analyze their causality relationship with various periodic oscillations in reconstructed millennial global-mean temperature series. The three long-term periods of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Little Ice Age (LIA) and recent Global Warming Period (GWP) were distinct in the temperature series. 21-year, 65-year, 115-year and 200-year oscillations were derived from the temperature series after removing three long-term climatic temperatures. The phases of temperature oscillations significantly lagged behind oceanic SST and solar radiation variability. The recent decadal warm period was caused by the quasi-21-year temperature oscillation. At this century-cross period, the four oscillations reached their peaks simultaneously, which did not occur during the last millennium. Based on the long-term trend during the GWP and the four periodic oscillations, global-mean temperature is expected to drop to a new cool period in the 2030s and then a rising trend would be towards to a new warm period in the 2060s.     

一种适用于粮食干燥的太阳能空气集热器热性能分析

本文设计制作了一种适于就仓干燥粮食的高效率、大流量、低温升、低阻力的太阳能空气集热器,对其建立了物理模型,进行了理论分析计算,并通过实验测试将理论计算结果与实验分析结果进行了比较。理论计算和实验结果都显示,这种太阳能空气集热器的效率随空气流量的增大而增大,集热器的温升随空气流量的增大而减小,当空气流量率在0.01348 kg/sm2-0.04621kg/sm2之间变化时,集热器平均效率在38.0%~74.6%之间,空气温升在29.0℃~13.4℃之间。